Starting with the seminal idea of J. C. Maxwell and L. Boltzmann in which they describe the dynamics of a large system of interacting particles by its statistical distribution, kinetic theory has become a powerful tool to model, for instance, the transport of neutrons in a nuclear reactor or the herding behavior of large animal flocks. More recently, kinetic theory has been applied to socio-economics, for instance, to describe the dynamics of trading agents in economic markets. Various mathematical and computational techniques have been developed in the respective fields to analyze the complex behavior of large interacting particle systems. However many questions in classical kinetic theory as well as novel applications are still open. In this talk, I will give a brief introduction to kinetic transport equations and show how they can be used to model biological phenomena. Theoretical and numerical aspects will be discussed.