In this talk, we examine two critical aspects of HIV: its spread and equitable access to treatment. First, we investigate the role of population mobility in Botswana's generalized HIV epidemic, where 10% of the population moved annually, connecting mining towns as significant hubs for transmission. This mobility hypothesis suggests how HIV spread throughout the country.

Shifting our focus to Malawi, we introduce a spatial interaction model that evaluates spatial accessibility to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Lifelong endemic diseases like HIV require consistent ART access; therefore, disparities in healthcare resources are essential to understand. This model assesses disparities in ART access due to varying demands, supplies, and geographic accessibility to healthcare facilities. By combining insights into HIV transmission dynamics and treatment accessibility, we aim to provide a comprehensive perspective on managing this critical global health challenge.